The Table of Contents for this section is available.
The work covered in this section consists of all excavation, bedding, laying pipe, jointing and coupling pipe sections, and backfilling necessary to install the various types of pipe culverts and fittings required to complete the project.
The work shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of these specifications and in accordance with the requirements of the plans for either Method A or Method B pipe installation. Method A pipe installation shall be used except where Method B is called for on the plans.
Suitable excavated material shall be utilized as backfill; or in the formation of embankments, subgrades, and shoulders; or as otherwise directed by the Engineer. No Excavation shall be wasted except as may be permitted by the Engineer. The Engineer will designate excavated materials that are unsuitable. The Contractor shall furnish disposal areas for the unsuitable material.
Where traffic is to be maintained, the installation of pipe shall be done in sections so that half the width of the roadway will be available to traffic.
All materials shall meet the requirements of Division 10 shown below:
Select materials Section 1016
Joint materials Subarticle 10329(F)
Bedding material shall meet the requirements of Article 10163 for Class II, III, IV, V, or VI select material as shown in the plans and specifications or as approved by the Engineer.
Plain galvanized and aluminized corrugated steel pipe shall not be substituted for bituminous coated galvanized pipe in the following counties:
Beaufort, Bertie, Bladen, Brunswick, Camden, Carteret, Chowan, Columbus, Craven, Currituck, Dare, Gates, Hertford, Hyde, Jones, Martin, New Hanover, Onslow, Pamlico, Pasquotank, Pender, Perquimans, Tyrrell, and Washington.
All pipe shall be unloaded and handled with reasonable care. Metal pipe or plates shall not be rolled or dragged over gravel or rock during handling. The Contractor shall take necessary precautions to ensure the method used in lifting or placing the pipe does not induce stress fatigue in the pipe and the lifting device used uniformly distributes the weight of the pipe along its axis or circumference. When any joint or section of pipe is damaged during unloading or handling, the undamaged portions of the joint or section may be used where partial lengths are needed or, if damaged sufficiently, the Engineer will reject the joint or section as being unfit for installation and the Contractor shall remove such rejected pipe from the project.
Minor damage to pipe may be repaired by the Contractor when permitted by the Engineer.
300-4 PREPARATION OF PIPE FOUNDATION.
The pipe foundation shall be prepared in accordance with the applicable method shown on the plans and shall be true to line and grade and uniformly firm.
Where necessary, invert grade shall be cambered by an amount sufficient to prevent the development of sag or back slope in the flow line. The amount to camber used will be determined by the Engineer.
Bedding material shall be placed and shaped beneath the pipe where so directed by the Engineer.
The pipe foundation shall be shaped to fit the outside of the pipe for at least 10% of its outside diameter under all pipe culverts.
Where bell and spigot type pipe is used, recesses shall be excavated to receive the pipe bells.
Where the foundation material is found to be of poor supporting value or of rock, the Engineer may make minor adjustment in the location of the pipe to provide a more suitable foundation. Where this is not practical, the foundation shall be conditioned by removing the existing foundation material by undercutting to the depth as directed by the Engineer, within the limits established on the plans, and backfilling with either a suitable local material secured from unclassified excavation or borrow excavation at the nearest accessible location along the project, or foundation conditioning material consisting of crushed stone or gravel or a combination of sand and crushed stone or gravel approved by the Engineer as being suitable for the purpose intended. The selection of the type of backfill material to be used for foundation conditioning will be made by the Engineer.
When necessary, the contractor shall provide for the temporary diversion of water in order to maintain the pipe foundation in a dry condition.
(A) Rigid Pipe:
The pipe shall be carefully laid on the prepared foundation, bell or groove end upgrade with the spigot or tongue fully inserted to make a water tight joint and each joint checked for alignment and grade as the work proceeds.
Flexible plastic joint material shall be used. Joint material of other type or design may be used when designated on the plans, by special provisions, or when permitted in writing by the Engineer.
(B) Flexible Pipe (Except Structural Plate Pipe):
Flexible pipe shall be carefully placed on the prepared foundation starting at the downstream end with the inside circumferential laps pointing downstream and with the longitudinal laps at the side or quarter points.
Bituminous coated pipe and paved invert pipe shall be handled with special care to avoid damage to coatings. Paved invert pipe shall be installed with the paved invert centered on the bottom.
The pipe sections shall be joined with coupling band, fully bolted and properly sealed with joints made water tight. Coupling bands for annular and helical corrugated metal pipe shall provide circumferential and longitudinal strength sufficient to preserve the alignment, prevent separation of the sections, and prevent infiltration of backfill material.
All pipe 60 inches or larger in diameter shall be match-marked for proper installation on the project.
The fill around the pipe shall be placed in accordance with the applicable method shown on the plans, and shall be placed in layers not to exceed 6 inches loose unless otherwise approved by the Engineer and compacted to the density required by Subarticle 2354(C). All backfill material shall have been approved by the Engineer. Select material shall be used when called for on the plans.
Care shall be taken during backfill and compaction operations to maintain alignment and prevent damage to the joints. The backfill shall be kept free from stones, frozen lumps, chunks of highly plastic clay, or other objectionable material.
All pipe backfill areas shall be graded and maintained in such a condition that erosion or saturation will not damage the pipe bed or backfill.
Heavy equipment shall not be operated over any pipe until it has been properly backfilled with a minimum 3 feet of cover (3 feet of cover above top of loose material for Type-B installation). Where any part of the required cover is above the proposed finish grade, the contractor shall place, maintain, and finally remove such material at no cost to the Department. Pipe which becomes misaligned, shows excessive settlement, or has been otherwise damaged by the Contractor's operations shall be removed and replaced by the Contractor at no cost to the Department.
(A) General:
The Contractor shall maintain all pipe installations in a condition such that they will function continuously from the time the pipe is installed until the project is accepted.
(B) Cleanout of Existing Pipe:
The Engineer may require the Contractor to thoroughly clean out and maintain all existing pipe, whether extended or not. Payment for the work of cleaning out and maintaining existing pipelines will be made under the provisions of Article 1047, except where the work of cleaning out the pipe was made necessary by the Contractor's negligence in taking appropriate erosion control measures.
(A) General:
No measurement will be made of any work covered by this section except for the work of foundation conditioning, and of providing select material which is not local material.
(B) Foundation Conditioning:
(1) Using Local Material:
All excavation removed by undercutting below the bottom of the trench as staked will be classified as undercut excavation. The quantity of undercut excavation to be paid for will be the actual number of cubic yards of undercut excavation, measured in their original position and computed by the average end area method, which has been removed as directed by the Engineer.
Local material used for conditioning the foundation will be measured as provided in Article 2257 or Article 2305.
(2) Using Other Than Local Material:
No measurement will be made of undercut excavation, and the material used for conditioning the foundation will be classified as foundation conditioning material. The quantity of foundation conditioning material to be paid for will be the actual number of tons of this material, weighed in trucks on certified platform scales or other certified weighing devices, which has been used to replace pipe undercut excavation.
(C) Select Material:
Where local material meeting the requirements for select material as specified in Section 1016 is used for backfilling above the foundation, this material will be measured as provided in Article 2257 or Article 2305.
Where other than local material is used for backfilling above the foundation, such material will be classified as select material. The quantity of select material to be paid for will be the actual number of tons of this material, weighed in trucks on certified platform scales or other certifying weighing devices, which has been used for backfilling above the foundation.
(D) Bedding Material:
The quantity of bedding material to be paid for will be the actual number of tons of material, other than local material, weighed in trucks on certified platform scales or other certified weighing devices which has been used for shaping the pipe foundation in accordance with Article 3004. Where local material is used to provide the bedding material, measurement will be made as provided in Article 2257 or Article 2305.
(A) Foundation Conditioning:
(1) Using Local Material:
The quantity of undercut excavation, measured as provided in Subarticle 3008(B)(1), will be paid for at double the contract unit price for "Unclassified Excavation" as provided in Article 2258.
Local material used for conditioning the foundation will be paid for as provided in Article 2258 for "Unclassified Excavation" or in Article 2306 for "Borrow Excavation," depending on the source of the material.
The above prices and payments will be full compensation for all work of foundation conditioning including all undercut excavation; shaping the pipe foundation; excavating, furnishing, and placing backfill material; and hauling and disposing of materials.
(2) Using Other Than Local Material:
The quantity of foundation conditioning material, measured as provided in Subarticle 3008(B)(2), will be paid for at the contract unit price per ton for "Foundation Conditioning Material, Minor Structures".
No direct payment will be paid for undercut excavation. Payment at the contract unit price for "Foundation Conditioning Material, Minor Structures" will be full compensation for all work of pipe undercut excavation.
The above price and payment will be full compensation for all work of foundation conditioning including all pipe undercut excavation, furnishing and placing foundation conditioning material, shaping the pipe foundation, and hauling and disposing of materials.
(B) Select Material:
Where local material meeting the requirements for select material as specified in Section 1016 is used for backfilling above the foundation, this material will be paid for as provided in Article 2258 for "Unclassified Excavation" or in Article 2306 for "Borrow Excavation", depending on the source of the material.
Where other than local material is used for backfilling above the foundation, the quantity of select material, measured as provided in Subarticle 3008(C), will be paid for at the contract unit price per ton for "Select Material, Class__________", or where there is no unit price in the contract applicable to the class of select material involved, the select material will be paid for as extra work in accordance with Article 1047.
The above prices and payments will be full compensation for all work of providing select material, including all excavation, hauling, and furnishing and placing backfill material.
(C) Bedding Material:
(1) Using Local Material:
The quantity of bedding material, measured as provided in Subarticle 3008(D), will be paid for as provided in Article 2258 for "Unclassified Excavation" or in Article 2306 for "Borrow Excavation", depending on the source of the material.
The above prices and payments will be full compensation for all work of furnishing and shaping the bedding material in accordance with Article 3004.
(2) Using Other Than Local Material:
The quantity of bedding material, measured as provided in Subarticle 3008(D), will be paid for at the contract unit price per ton for "Bedding Material, Pipe Culvert".
The above prices and payments will be full compensation for all work of furnishing and shaping the bedding material in accordance with Article 3004.
(D) Compensation:
Payment at the contract prices for the various items covered by Sections 310, 315, 320, 322, 324, 326, 328, 330, 340, and 342 will be full compensation for all work covered by this section other than the work of foundation conditioning, select material, and bedding material.
(E) Pay Items:
Payment will be made under:
Foundation Conditioning Material, Minor Structures Ton
Select Material, Class________ Ton
Bedding Material, Pipe Culvert Ton